Government Intervention Negative Externalities...

Government intervention in the economy has consistently been a sensitive subject. When it comes to regulating of the economy the implementers must find the balance between the cost of regulation and the benefits. Some are more essential than others, but generally all these regulations are designed for different situations. There are several types of regulations that seek to negate negative effects of producers and benefit the consumer: negative externality regulation, factual information regulation, and unnatural monopoly regulation. Negative externality regulation aims to limit the negative effects of a particular action that might benefit one individual rather than the whole community. The rationale between this type of regulation is that with any production of a good there are bound to be some negative externality; where there is a regulation to enforce we can see the reduction, taxation, or elimination of this externality. In a totally efficient market negative externalities are usually ignored therefore increasing the social cost and there is a competitive reason for this. Firms may not want to cut cost and pollute more, but if they don’t they are at a competitive disadvantage. This is when the market can be too free and too competitive. Negative externality regulation is meant to include the social cost in the form of a tax, fee, fine, etc. (Ulbrich, 116). This will increase the total cost, but we must also compare it to the social cost and see if it is actuallyShow MoreRelatedAirline Industry in Hong Kong8396 Words   |  34 Pagesfollowings,  6 ¦1 Supply and demand  ¨C regional and global  6 ¦1 Technological advancement leading to economies of supply  ¨C reduction in production cost  6 ¦1 Profit maximization  ¨C price discrimination vital for the Airlines Industry  6 ¦1 Government intervention  ¨C deregulation and liberalization.  6 ¦1 Trends  ¨C formation of alliances Along the process, we have adopted the principles from both microeconomics and macroeconomics in evaluating the influence to the internal (the firms) and the externalRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesorganizational forms for a new millennium? Introduction What is postmodernism? Is postmodernism anything new? The history Post-industrialism and the information society The virtual organization Neo-fordism, flexible specialization and post-fordism The regulation school Institutionalist school The ‘managerialist’ school The flexible firm – critique Postmodern organizations – the work of Stewart Clegg and Paul Heydebrand Conclusions 198 198 200 202 205 206 211 213 215 217 220 225 227 234 Chapter 6

The History Of The Slave Trade - 1779 Words

The history of the slave trade is one that most people would want to forget. Though, forgetting such an important era in the history of the world is not only wrong but a recipe for repeating other such mistakes. According to Capone (2007), more than 11 million Africans were taken to the New World in the period between the 16th and mid-19th centuries. More than any other colony in the Americas: Brazil received the largest portion of the slaves. The Brazilian coastline was especially a major hosting ground for the new Africans who were arriving from the western African states including Bight of Benin, Senegambia, Bight of Biafra, as well as other regions in West Central Africa. The huge number of Africans would over the years dominate the†¦show more content†¦The first European to uncover Brazil was Pedro Alveres Cabral, who made the discovery in 1500. Consequently, the Europeans settled in Brazil with the initial intention of harvesting Brazilian wood, however, sugar was foun d to grow very well in Brazil. The profits of sugar went further than those that were being reaped from the wood; which meant sugar would become the main Brazilian export. Over time, Brazil made a name for itself as the production of not just the best sugar, but also the main producer in the Atlantic world. Therefore, the nature of the sugar trade and its growth created challenges within the farming process that turned out to be very labor intensive. The reality was very few European farmers, which made it a task for them to meet the proper labor demands while the native population was not very effective in handling the pressures that were distinctive in the sugar plantations. This forced the sugar farmers to resort to importing labor in the form of slaves. In the initial stages, the Portuguese were getting about 5,000 slaves annually. These slaves were mainly gotten from Angola and in West Africa and were being sent to Brazil (Behrendt, 1997). As time moved on, the number of slaves being transported to Brazil continued to increase recurrently. According to Selka (2007), more than a million slaves had been imported to Brazil by the turn of the 18th century.

Recycled Plastic Bio-Composites in the Consumer Industry Free Essays

Consumer Industry The adaptation of natural fiber composites in the consumer industry has not had the same explosive growth as with the transportation or even the construction industry. The benefits of cost savings and weight reduction that can be obtained with natural fiber composites played a significant role for the proliferation into those respective industries. But in the consumer market, stemming from the rise of synthetic fibers starting in the 1940’s, glass fiber and carbon fibers have dominated the market for composites due to their superior mechanical properties. We will write a custom essay sample on Recycled Plastic Bio-Composites in the Consumer Industry or any similar topic only for you Order Now From the 1970’s onward, petroleum-based fibers replaced natural fiber so that, worldwide, the cropping of natural fibers entered into steep decline, causing economic stagnation in the producer regions. In addition to the competition with synthetic fibers, innovation in transport facilities also contributed to the decline of natural fibers, particularly the advent of commodity bulk handling facilities in long distance trade, which eliminated the use of food-grade sacks altogether. Jute has always been the most important natural fiber but it too suffered long decline. In 1990, 2. 1 million hectares were planted in jute, which fell to 1. 6 million in 2000 and is projected to slump to 1. 2 million hectares by 2010, a retraction of about 3% a year. During the same period, production also fell from 3. 3 million tons to 2. 6 million tons and is projected to diminish to 2. 3 million tons by 2010. During this period jute consumed in the developed countries fell by 40% and that consumed in developing countries by 10%. 1) During the past two decades, there has been a renewed interest in development of natural fiber plastic composites for the consumer industry. Two of the most prominent factors that are fueling this resurgence originate from the environmental impact of using these composites and the technological advances that address the disadvantages of fiber composite production and usage. Natural fibers have assumed considerable environmental importance in function o f being produced with renewable energy sources, consuming less energy to produce and being biodegradable and recyclable. 2) In the traditional furniture, shoe, and textile manufacturing sectors, natural fibers are increasingly being used as a substitute for fiber glass. Natural fibers have several advantages as compared to conventional plastic, such as being from 10% to 30% cheaper; having lower density, superior thermal properties and low embodied energy; involving lower tool wear in the moulding process; producing better acoustic proprieties and reducing irritation to the skin and respiratory system (3). Ironically, a number of the perceived advantages of natural fibers in composite polymers were cited in the past as disadvantages which led to the substitution of natural fiber by synthetics. Natural fibers were said to be inferior because they were not water resistant, were porous and breathable, were biodegradable and were not adaptable to automatic sack filling. The water resistance problem has been overcome by surface modification of fibers, creating hydrophobic coatings that allow for a moisture barrier as well as better adhesion with the matrix resin. Breathability is now seen to be an advantage in reducing heat and impregnating odors, particularly in textiles. Similarly, bio-degradability is highly desirable today as well as the characteristic of being recyclable. All of these characteristics now perceived to be desirable have stimulated a good deal of research into finding other industrial applications which could cause fiber production to expand even further. (4) 1. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). 2003. Medium-Term Prospects for Agricultural Commodities: Projections to the Year 2010. Rome. 2. Jan, E. G. 2009. Environmental Benefits of Natural Fibre Production and Use. In Discover Natural Fibres: Proceedings of the Symposium on Natural Fibres, p. 3- 17. Rome: FAO. 3. Suddell, B. C. 2009. Industrial Fibres: Recent and Current Developments. Discover Natural Fibres: Proceedings of the Symposium on Natural Fibres, p. 71-82. Rome: FAO. 4. Bicalho, A. M. 2009. Agricultural-Industrial Integration and New Applications of Natural Fibers: Jute Floodplain Cropping in the Amazon Reborn. Brazil How to cite Recycled Plastic Bio-Composites in the Consumer Industry, Essay examples

Implementation and Development of Complex Alcohol Control Policies

Question: Discuss about the Implementation and Development of Complex Alcohol Control Policies. Answer: Introduction The legal advice to be provided is with respect to the application of law of evidence based on the facts of the case scenario provided. The advice is not a general one. It will cover certain vital aspects of the case scenario. Within the advice one has to determine the information regarding the evidence that could be provided or presented before the court regarding the matter from the side of both the prosecution and the accused. The relevance of the evidence will also have to be determined. The possible challenges and issues that could be claimed by either party to the case have to be comprehended. It is necessary to determine the steps that would be taken by either party to the case with respect to making certain evidences usable and admissible before the court. It is also necessary to determine which evidence cannot be used in the court or rather inadmissible evidence. Other issues arising from the evidences have to be discussed at length. The scenario used here is purely hypothet ical in nature and does not bear any resemblance with real cases. From the present case it is seen that there were one accused. On being arrested, he refused to speak with the police initially. The case scenario also says that when the accused was brought to the police station, they had asked for a lawyer. The facts also suggest that a lawyer was nominated to deal the case on their behalf. The accused was put in a holding cell. The case clearly suggests that a court hearing is yet to occur. The accused are thus considered as under trial. It seems that an independent accused agreed to give evidence against the other accused. The bargain was that his charges would be reduced if he agreed if his evidence sufficed in the court. She was present in the same holding cell where the other accused were present. From the instant case it is apparent that initially when the accused were informed about the statement of Sydney Smith, he refuted Sydneys statement claiming that she was lying and he had no part in the crime for which they were accused. The facts sug gest that Sydney Smiths statement was video recorded as per the requisites present in Police Powers and Responsibilities Act 2000 (Qld). The facts suggest that when the police tried for the third time to elicit statements from the accused, he did not agree to have a conversation with the police like the first instance. From the facts of the case it can be inferred that there was a security camera near to the scene of the crime. It had captured images and pictures of an individual who had similar features to that of the accused near the scene of the crime. This is in terms of height, build, colour and gender of the accused. In spite of all these similarities, it is shown that the face of the individual was not clearly visible in the video. To bring a solution to this issue, certain solutions were thought of by one of the legal team of the prosecution lawyers. The team mentioned about a seminar conducted by Dr Carla Andrade regarding the use of biometric markers for identifying the accused. Now it is important to analyse the statement given by Sydney Smith through video recording. She asserted that on the day the accuse d was brought to the local police station, she was also present in the same holding cell where the accused was placed. Smith was an under trial prisoner. Her charges were several including illegal use of a motor vehicle and non compliance of directions by the police to stop the motor vehicle. According to the police the charges with respect to not following police instructions could be dropped if she cooperated in the present or any other case. One of the constables also said that if Smith was able to induce the accused to speak with her regarding the charges, the police would help in reducing the charges of Smith. From the statement it seems that the witness in this case was happy and voluntary to give the statements. She gave the opinion that the accused seemed to be a dangerous individual. According to Smith, she had approached the accused to talk about the offence. Initially he received a cold shoulder from the accused. He was not keen to speak with Smith initially. Smith also said that the accused made this statement that he would be flashed on the news regarding the crime. However the accused was confident that the police would not be able to keep him in jail. The accused seemed to be confident that the police would not be able to prove anything regarding him. The accused claims that there were no witnesses to prove that he was the person who did the crime in the crime scene. However, according to Smith, the accused admitted of doing the crime. The accused was sanguine that he would be absolved from the charges since he was careful at what he did. Smith also claims that after accepting the crime, an hour later the accused told Smith that if she reveals anything, the accused would deny the facts. Smith also claims that the accused called her a wierdo. Smith also clai ms that she is suffering from Tourette syndrome. The problem includes syndromes like twitching and making of noises. She claims that it was beyond his control. However she asserts the fact that this physical issue does not impact upon her intelligence and other aspects. Evidence that can be put forward by the defence before the court The statement of the video recording will prove to be vital. This is because very less information could be derived by the police when they interviewed the accused. On the first and third occasion of the interview, the accused simply kept quiet and refused to answer any question raised by the police. On the second occasion of the interview, when the police mentioned to the accused about the video statement provided by Sydney Smith, he vehemently refused to accept the authenticity of the statement and claimed that he was innocent and had no role in the crime for which he was accused. The evidence that can be used by the prosecution to prove the guilt of the accused is the video footage from the security camera in the place of the crime. However it seems that there is no real evidence of the fact that the accused person was actually the person involved in the crime shown in the video footage. The only proof that the prosecution has regarding the possibility that the accused could be th e person shown in the security camera is that the height, build, colour and gender had a great resemblance with that of the accused. The biggest problem that the prosecution will face is the fact that the face was clearly not visible in the camera. Thus it is suggested that the video recorded statement and the transcript of the video statement provided by Sydney Smith should be brought in front of the court. The nature of the statement and the admissions sound to be valuable and could be used by the questioning officer against Sydney Smith. The prosecution in the instant case has major evidence in terms of the video recording of the statement given by Sydney Smith. Sydney Smith can also be used as a special witness for providing testimony on the first trial of the case before the court. It can be proved by the prosecution that when the accused was placed in the holding cell, Sydney Smith was present in the same cell. The video which came up on the video camera can be brought before the court by the prosecution during the course of the trial. The point on which the prosecution can argue before the court regarding the image that was captured by the security camera is that the features of the accused has a great resemblance with the build, height, gender and colour of the person seen in the video footage. Forensic reports from the DNA Lab could be used by the prosecution to establish before the court that accused is responsible for the crime that was committed. Issues that could be brought up by each side of the case with respect to the evidence Firstly the issues that the prosecution can bring in with respect to regarding evidence forwarded by the defence will be discussed. The accused had challenged the authenticity of the video statement of Sydney Smith. However they can use the video footage available at the scene of the crime. If the biometric markers match with the features of the accused, it would be sufficient to suggest that the accused was involved in the crime. The prosecution might also question the fact that the accused stayed quiet in front of the police whereas he opened up before Sydney Smith. The defence on the other hand has more issues that could be raised against the evidence forwarded by the prosecution. The accused can claim before the court that just by proving that the biometric markers available from the video footage matched with that of the accused does not prove the fact that he was present in the scene of the crime. There could be several other individuals who have similar physical attributes similar to him. The mere use of biometric markers could just be a hunch. Moreover, he can claim the fact that Sydney Smith made up a story to receive benefits of reduced charges. He can claim that there was no video footage of the conversation between Sydney and the accused. The mere statement made by Sydney Smith could not be used as authentic evidence. Procedures that could be followed by the prosecution and the defence to prove the evidences forwarded by them to the court to be admissible The evidences that were used by the prosecution against the accused were the video statement and the transcript of the statement given by Sydney Smith as well as the security camera video footage of the crime scene. First the prosecution has to justify the involvement of Sydney Smith as a witness against the accused. Sydney Smith can be used as a vulnerable witness. This is a broad term to discuss a wide range of witnesses in case of both criminal and civil proceedings. The witnesses include adolescents and children, sufferers of sexual assault, individuals with learning and mental disorders and impairments etc. Vulnerable witnesses also include individuals suffering from emotional trauma getting intimidated and are unable to give evidence. This particular example suits with the problem suffered by Sydney Smith. Vulnerable witness also includes an accused who acts as a witness in his own defence. This is with respect to an accused that has learning disorders. Moreover as per the Evid ence Act 1977 of Queensland, vulnerable witnesses can be classified into various categories. This includes special witnesses, protected witnesses and affected children. The provisions regarding special witness is mentioned in section 21 A of the Evidence Act 1997 of Queensland. Sydney Smith qualifies to be considered as special witness. If the court considers him to be having some sort of mental or intellectual disorder and as a result of which is disadvantaged to be a witness, he can be treated as a special witness. From what is seen from the facts Sydney was intimidated by the behaviour of the accused and also suffered from emotional stress and trauma. Thus the prosecution can use the provisions of section 21 A to make sure that Sydney is considered as a special witness. Once Sydney qualifies to be considered as a witness, further elaboration can be made to prove the elements of being a special witness. The prosecution can also use section 21A (2) of the Act to ensure the safety of Sydney Smith. The prosecution can ask the court to seclude the accused while Sydney testifies before the court. There should be a person appointed and approved by the c ourt to be present while Sydney provides testimony to give her emotional support. Other than the direct testimony of Sydney, there should be permission to display the video statement and its transcript for further clarity of evidence. For this the conditions mentioned in an order has to be followed. However, the prosecution should also keep in mind the provisions section 21A (4). This provision allows the accused to hear and see the testimony given by the special witness. The applicability of video statements as evidence is mentioned in section 21A (2) (e) of the Act. According to the provisions of this section the court has the right to use video recording of a special witness in place of the direct testimony of the special witness. The accused can claim the right to remain silent during police interrogation. This right is justified in the sense that it would protect the accused from self incriminating himself. In this way the accused will be able to justify the refusal on his part to give any statement to the police. The accused can ask the court if there were any actual witnesses present in the crime scene that could testify as to the guilt of the accused. He can claim the unreliability of the statement provided by Sydney Smith. He can claim that the statement given by her is fabricated to falsely implicate him for the crime. He can claim that Sydney did not have the mental capacity to be qualified as an admissible witness. He can claim that she must have cooked up a story to exonerate herself of her own charges. Moreover, there was no evidentiary proof whether there was a conversation held between the accused and the witness. There were no security cameras nor were there any person video recording their conve rsation. Hence there was no concrete proof as to the ingenuity of the statements provided by Sydney. Inadmissible evidence The fact that the security camera at the scene of crime could not take a clear picture of the person is a worrying factor for the prosecution. There is no concrete evidence of the accused being present in the scene of the crime. The police were not able identify any mark or tattoo present on the body of the accused which matched with the person identified in the video recording. There is a mixed reaction as to the admissibility of expert opinion of Dr Carla Andrade. The requirement of expert evidence can be seen in the case of Murphy v R (1989) 167 CLR 94. As per the case an expert evidence is required if the evidence is beyond the ability of interpretation of the jury. Conclusion From the instant case it may be concluded that the evidences are more in favour of the accused compared to the prosecution. Bibliography Aldridge, M,Vulnerable Witnesses(The Routledge Handbook of Forensic Linguistics, 1st ed, 2010) Blewer, R, "Making Kiddies At Home In Court: Supporting Child Witnesses In Twentieth Century Australian Courtrooms" (2017) 4lawhistory Braun, K, "Legal Representation For Sexual Assault Victims-Possibilities For Law Reform" (2013) 25Current Issues Crim. Just Buckleton, J. S., J. A. Bright and D Taylor,Forensic DNA Evidence Interpretation(CRC press, 1st ed, 2016) Clough, A. R. and K Bird, "The Implementation And Development Of Complex Alcohol Control Policies In Indigenous Communities In Queensland (Australia)" (2015) 26International Journal of Drug Policy D'Cruz, R, "'Special Witness' Status Sought" (2013) 33Proctor, The Evidence Act 1977 - SECT 21A(2017) Austlii.edu.au https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/qld/consol_act/ea197780/s21a.html Fleay, C and L Briskman, "Hidden Men: Bearing Witness To Mandatory Detention In Australia" (2013) 32Refugee Survey Quarterly Gibbons, J,Language And The Law(Routledge, 1st ed, 2014) Henry, L and R Wilcock, "Witnesses With Intellectual Disabilities" (2013) 60International Journal of Disability, Development and Education Keane, A and M McKeown,The Modern Law Of Evidence(Oxford University Press, 1st ed, 2014) Lamb, M et al,Tell Me What Happened: Structured Investigative Interviews Of Child Victims And Witnesses(John Wiley Sons, 56th ed, 2011) Loughman, J, "In Focus: Protecting Vulnerable Witnesses In Family Law" (2016) 3LSJ: Law Society of NSW Journal Lyon, T.D.,Assessing The Competency Of Child Witnesses: Best Practice Informed By Psychology And Law(Childrens testimony: A handbook of psychological research and forensic practice, 1st ed, 2011) Pope, Alan,One Law For All?(Aboriginal Studies Press, 1st ed, 2011) Tilse, C et al, "Enduring Powers Of Attorney: Promoting Attorneys' Accountability As Substitute Decision Makers" (2014) 33Australasian journal on ageing Wilson, N., "The Influence Of Professor J.H. Wigmore On Evidence Law In Australia" (2015) 19The International Journal of Evidence Proof

Class V. Caste System Essays - Indian Caste System, Discrimination

Class V. Caste System A Class vs. a Caste System In any countrys history, a high stage of social development is reached only when the main social divisions are formed. The caste system penetrates the Hindu society to a level unknown elsewhere. It plays some part in other civilizations but in India it has invaded the whole. It is in this sense that we may speak of the caste system as a phenomenon peculiar to India (Pocock 27). The class system of the United States and the caste system of India share common characteristics but, at the same time, they different in many ways. A caste system rigidly restricted occupationally, socially, members may not marry outside the caste. Caste system devalues and discriminates people according to their genetic and/or social background. There are said to be four major traits typical of caste systems. Included are the following: membership into the caste is hereditary; marriage within the caste is mandatory; mobility is nearly impossible; occupation is strongly related to caste (Hurst, 1998). Conversely, a class system is a society based upon different groups. These groups are composed of people whose stratas are often related to occupational or property divisions. They are composed of a set of consistent and stable patterns that persist through time. In the United States it is based upon a classification of individuals who are grouped into power levels which represent the structural inequality in the allocation of rewards, privileges, and resources. These levels are often referred to as the upper, middle. And lower classes. They largely determine life chances in relating directly to the incomes and educational composition of each individual class (Davis 65-72). One of the strongest and most complex examples of the caste system can be found in Hindu India, where a hierarchy of thousands of distinct castes reflect religious practice, occupation, locale, culture status, or tribal affiliation. In addition, their society is divided into four social classes: -the Brahmans, priests and scholars; Kshatriyas, the military and rulers; Vaisyas, farmers and merchants; and Sudras, peasants and laborers. Below the Sudras were the untouchables, who performed the most menial tasks. The Untouchables are often regarded as the polluters include peoples whose occupations are those such as hairdressers, janitors, tanners, butchers, and undertakers. They were given this title because they make contact with such pollutants as blood, dirt, dung, hair, leather, menstrual flow, saliva etc. Popularly known in the past as pariahs, the politically correct terms now used are Dalits (the oppressed) and/or Harijans (Children of God), a term introduced by Mahatma Gandhi. A lthough caste segregation is officially illegal, it is very prevalent in India (Singh 9-19). An open system is a society in which people can change their economic, prestigious and power status easily. In contrast, a closed system is society in which people face great difficulty in changing these statuses. One should keep in mind that no society is completely open or closed, in fact, all societies have at least one or more characteristics of both closed and open systems. The United States is a good example of a relatively open system. This is because the US is founded upon the assumption that each person is given the equal opportunity to achieve that maximum level of success at the highest level of the class system. America is based on the belief that this achievement can be reached through competence, contribution to the community and society and through diligence and hard work. Unfortunately, this ideal is often discounted when stereotypes assigned to people on the basis of gender, age, and race come into play. In lieu of this many sociologists often view the United States society as a very closed system because of the high degree racial inequality. Similarly, a Hindu caste system is a good example of a closed system. Although the caste system in India was far more closed before 1900, India still suffers similarly in rural areas. People in India have traditionally inherited their status at birth from their parents. As a matter of course, it is uncommon for this status to change through the course of their life. Unlike in the United States, personal merit and diligence go without reward. It seems that no matter how

Spoken Coursework Essays

Spoken Coursework Essays Spoken Coursework Essay Spoken Coursework Essay It must be remembered that it is the beginning of the busiest time of year in the retail industry and we all should be glad its only an annual event. As sales assistants. We must be prepared. From good old Argos to useful Whsmiths, as it wont be easy for the following three months and many preparations have to be made in every shop, yes that includes you workers in the body shop as well. In this what could be branded a crisis I hope you wont mind if I address the workers in Queensgate at great length today.I hope that you all will make allowance for the small amount of energy you will have at the end of each and every day. I would say to you the Xmas temps, as I have said to my full time workers We have everything to offer, jumpers, jackets, skirts and, accessories! This should never be forgotten even at difficult times and repeat it in your head if you have a memory problem.We have in front of us an ordeal of the most stressful kind. We have before us long da ys of struggling and hard work, yes for a change you really will be working for your money. I warn you sales assistants who have luckily not worked at Christmas time before and probably wont again after this; it is not a walk in the park, more like a trek. Please make allowance for the customers who manage to have a lack of patience and no manners as they left them at home, at this time of year; I assure you they are not always like that.You ask what is our policy? I will say: it is to get through this, with persuasion, stock knowledge and friendliness. With all our training on the new chip and pins and telephone systems if we work together, we can do it!You ask what is our aim? I can answer in one word: sales, lots of sales what ever it takes to get them, sales in spite of how tired your are, sales however long and hard it takes to persuade the customer, for without sales, there is no point to our job. Getting lots of sales must become an aim in our lives for the following 3 months .While you are here I might as well also inform you about the January sales that shall begin straight after Christmas. I have great sympathy for the workers of Next who may have to start work at 5 in the morning and you other shop workers should be grateful. But that doesnt mean that work will be any less easy in any other shop a Sale is a Sale. All customers have one thing on their mind, getting what they what and there not bothered about the rest of the items, which they dont want. Yes your shop floor will become messy but you need to do your best to keep it tidy and not give up and leave the mess. Because just like at Christmas your aim is still to get sales, sales that may mean a bonus for you or a even a pay rise.But I take my task with a smile on my face and hope in my heart. At this time I feel entitled to claim the aid of you all and I say Come let us go forth together with our can I help faces on these mad Christmas shoppers will not, I repeat will not get the better of us!

Linking Psychopathy and violence risk assessment Assignment

Linking Psychopathy and violence risk assessment - Assignment Example One way of achieving this is by seeking to develop â€Å"actuarial risk assessment tools to help improve clinicians' ability to evaluate patients' risk of violent behavior in practice by statistically optimizing predictions of violence†. (Elbogen, et.al, 2005, p.133-141) As research team of Eric Elbogen, Matthew Huss, Alan Tomkins and Mario Scalora suitably illustrate in the article, several such tools are currently being employed by psychiatric practitioners in clinical settings. And a consensus seemed to have emerged among the practitioners and researchers establishing a strong correlation between psychopathy (usually measured by the Psychopath Checklist – PCL; and presently PCL-Revised) and future violent behavior. The results indicate that Clinical staff in public sector settings would be very amenable to using the PCL; the PCL would seem to have great intuitive appeal to clinicians. However, that more experienced staff perceived PCL results to be available reveals a need for more effort to target disseminating risk measure results. (Elbogen, et.al, 2005, p.133-141) The total psychopathy score is arrived at through chart review and semi-structured interview.

Job Satisfaction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Job Satisfaction - Essay Example (1) Job satisfaction of the employees, and retaining them has become a growing concern in business organizations with the need to be more competitive, as a result of the growing globalization being witnessed. This stems from the belief that satisfied employees tend to be more productive, creative, and committed to the organization. There is evidence from the field of healthcare that job satisfaction among employees tend to make the healthcare organization more competitive in a market noted for its high rate of competitiveness. This competitiveness is through the improvement in quality and cost-effectiveness of satisfied employees. (2) Any discussion on job satisfaction needs to take into consideration the positive and negative factors of job satisfaction. According to Hezberg et al 1959, the positive factors known as motivators are achievement, recognition, the job responsibilities itself, and advancement opportunities. Negative factors known as hygiene factors include supervisors, fellow workers, company policy, workplace environment, and personal life. These findings of Hezberg et al were supported by studies conducted at the workplace, where workers were asked to present their perspectives of critical incidents that had occurred, but this remained the only manner in which the theory was supported. Wall et al in 1971, on the basis of confidentially collected data from workers, found that ego-defensive processes were responsible for the findings of Hezberg et al. These processes led to good events being the result of one’s own achievements, and bad events the due to the failings as a result of others. Thi s led to the general discarding of the Hezberg et al theory. However a subsequent study conducted in 1971, and as reported by Argyle, found relevance in the theory of Hezberg et al. This research on joy in workers found that while achievement was important, relationships

Strengths-Based Leadership Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Strengths-Based Leadership - Term Paper Example Additionally, this paper explicates strategies for applying my leadership strengths in a health care organization to improve quality and safety. My top five strengths include restorative, responsibility, empathy, relator, and belief. The healthcare profession is today faced with many problems that hinder the provision of quality and safe care. In laymans terms, restorative strength is the ability to solve problems. This strength enables me to decipher challenges that affect provision of safe and quality care and therefore formulate new strategies to address them. Laureate Education (2013) asserts that health care professionals are provide care for patients from different age groups, different educational levels, and different levels of understanding. In this regard, my responsibility strength enables me to handle patients presenting with divergent needs with the highest of quality. Being responsible means that I value my responsibilities in relation to provision of quality and safe care. Empathy as a strength also helps me in provision of quality and safe care to patients. In explication, empathy is compassion or kindness. B eing kind means being sensitive of the needs of the patients and therefore, this strength helps me align care with the safety and quality needs of the patients. Being a relator denotes my ability to create and foster good and healthy relationship with my colleagues. Good relationships enhances teamwork and collaboration and as a result leads to improved job satisfaction. This also contributes to the provision of quality and safe care as all stakeholders work as a team. In relation to my strength of belief, I consider my job of more importance than the financial benefits I get from it. This means that I focus much of my attention on the welfare of the patients and in so doing, I achieve the highest possible performance in terms of provision of

Models of Accounting Analysis

Models of Accounting Analysis Historic Cost In accounting, historic cost is the first money related quality of a financial item. Historic cost is focused around the stable measuring unit assumption. In a few circumstances, assets and liabilities may be demonstrated at their historic cost, as though there had been no change in value from the date of acquisition. The balance sheet value items may subsequently vary from the accurate value (WIKIPEDIA). Principle An accounting system in which assets are recorded on an balance sheet with the value at which they were obtained, rather than the current market value. The historic cost standard is used to get the measure of capital expended to acquire an asset, and is helpful for matching against changes in profits or expenses identifying with the asset purchased, and in addition for deciding past opportunity costs (Business Dictionary). Impacts Under the historical cost basis of accounting, assets and liabilities are recorded at their values when first acquired. They are not then generally restated for changes in values. Costs recorded in the Income Statement are based on the historical cost of items sold or used, rather than their replacement costs (WIKIPEDIA). Example The main headquarters of a company, which includes the land and building, was bought for $100,000 in 1945, and its expected market value today is $30 million. The asset is still recorded on the balance sheet at $100,000 (INVESTOPEDIA). Current Purchasing Power Accounting Capital maintenance in units of constant purchasing power (CMUCPP) is the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) basic accounting model originally authorized in IFRS in 1989 as an alternative to traditional historical cost accounting (WIKIPEDIA). Principle Current Purchasing Power Accounting(CPPA) includes the re-statement of historical figures at current purchasing power. For this reason, historic figures must be multiple by conversion factors. The formula for the calculation of conversion component is: Conversion factor = Price Index at the date of Conversion/Price Index at the date of item arose Conversion factor at the beginning = Price Index at the end/Price Index at the beginning Conversion factor at an average = Price Index at the end/Average Price Index Conversion factor at the end = Price Index at the end/Price Index at the end Average Price Index = Price Index at beginning + Price Index at the end/2 CPP Value = Historical value X Conversion factor (Account Managment Economics). Impacts on Financial Statements financial statements are ready on the basis of historical cost and a supplementary statement is ready showing historical items in terms of present value on the basis of general price index. Retail price index or wholesale price index is taken as an appropriate index for the conversion of historical cost items to show the changes in value of money. This method takes into consideration the changes in the value of items as a result of general price level, but it does not account for changes in the value of individual items (Accounting Managment). Example XYZ Company had a closing balance of inventory at 30 June 2012 equal to $10000. This inventory had been purchased in the last three months of the financial year. Assume the general price level index was 140 on 1 July 2011, 144 on 31 December 2011, 150 on 30 June 2012, the average for the year (July 2011-June 2012) was 145 and the average for April 2012 June 2012 was 147. For showing updated inventory with CPPA, we will use following formula Book value of inventory X current month general price index/ average index of three months = 10000 X 150/ 147 = $ 10204 (Accounting Education). Current Cost Accounting Current cost accounting is a procedure of accounting that attempts to give quality of benefits on the basis of their current replacement require as opposed to the sum they were purchased for (Ask). Principles It influences all the records and accounting reports also their balancing items. A fundamental principle underlying the estimation of gross value added, and hence GDP, is that yield and intermediate utilization must be value at the costs present at the time the processing happens. This intimates that goods withdrawn from inventories must be value at the price prevailing at the times the goods are withdrawn and not at the costs at which they entered inventories (Glossary Of Statistical Terms). Impacts Accounting systems that help in the preparation of financial reports, the cost accounting systems and reports are not subject to rules and standards like the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles. As a result, there is huge variety in the cost accounting systems of the different organization and sometimes even in different parts of the same organization (WIKIPEDIA). Advantages Of Historic Cost Historic Cost provide straight forward procedure. It records gains until they are recognize. Historical Costing method are still using in accounting system. Dis-Advantages Of Historic Cost Historic Cost consider as a acquisition cost of an asset and does not recognize current market value. Historic Cost only interested in allocation of cost, not in the value of an asset. It’s neglect the current market value of the asset that may be higher or lower than its suggested. It’s gives flaws in time of inflation (Study Mode). Comments Historical Costing method is still using in accounting system, it is a traditional method of accounting system it is not represent the market value of items, due to which it is not a appropriate method to adopt. Advantages Of Current Purchasing Power Accounting Current purchasing power method uses as measuring unit. It’s provide the calculation facilities to gain or loss in purchasing power due to holding monetary items. In this method, historical accounts continue to be maintained because they prepared on supplementary basis. This method intact the purchasing power of capital contributed by shareholders, so the method is important from the shareholders point of view. This method provides reliable financial information for the management to formulate policies and plans. Dis-Advantages Of Current Purchasing Power Accounting This method is only consider changes in general purchasing power, it does not consider the changes in the value of individual items. This method based on statistical index number which not used in individual firm. It’s difficult to use suitable price index. This method is failed to remove all defects of historical cost accounting system (Accounting Management). Comments Purchasing power accounting is very useful to provide financial information for management and its intact the purchasing power of capital which contributed by shareholders, its useful in inflation time so now in current time this method is very useful. Advantages of Current Cost Accounting This methods use present value of assets, instead of the original purchase price. This type of accounting is addresses the difference between historical and current cost accounting system. This method assigns higher values on the assets owned by the business. This method also used during bankruptcy and liquidation procedures to find the total loss to the owner (Ask). Comments Cost accounting provides accurate situation of the connection between specific cost and specific outputs because traces resources as they moves through company. By adopting cost accounting for business, in that way we learn resources are being wasted and which resource are most profitable (Chron).

U.S Involvement in the Vietnam War :: Vietnam War Essays

U.S Involvement in the Vietnam War "No new taxes." This is a quote that most all of us remember from the 1992 presidential election. Along with it we remember that there were new taxes during that presidents term in office. There are a myriad of promises made and things done in a presidential election year that have questionable motives as to whether they are done in the best interest of the people or in the interests of the presidential candidate. These hidden interests are one of the biggest problems with the political aspects of government in modern society. One of the prime examples of this is the Vietnam War. Although South Vietnam asked for our help, which we had previously promised, the entire conflict was managed in order to meet personal political agendas and to remain politically correct in the world's eyes rather than to bring a quick and decisive end to the conflict. This can be seen in the selective bombing of Hanoi throughout the course of the Vietnam War. Politically this strategy looked very good. However, militarily it was ludicrous. War is the one arena in which politicians have no place. War is the military's sole purpose. Therefore, the U. S. Military should be allowed to conduct any war, conflict, or police action that it has been committed to without political interference or control because of the problems and hidden interests which are always present when dealing with polit United States involvement in the Vietnam War actually began in 1950 when the U. S. began to subsidize the French Army in South Vietnam. This involvement continued to escalate throughout the 1950's and into the early 1960's. On August 4, 1964 the Gulf of Tonkin incident occurred in which American Naval Vessels in South Vietnamese waters were fired upon by North Vietnam. On August 5, 1964 President Johnson requested a resolution expressing the determination of the United Sates in supporting freedom and in protecting peace in southeast Asia ( Johnson ). On August 7, 1964, in response to the presidential request, Congress authorized President Johnson to take all necessary measures to repel any attack and to prevent aggression against the U. S. in southeast Asia ( United States ). The selective bombing of North Vietnam began immediately in response to this resolution. In March of the following year U. S. troops began to arrive. Although the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution specifically stated that we